As pet owners, we always want the best for our four-legged companions. However, like humans, pets can suffer from allergies that affect their health, comfort and well-being. The two most common types of allergies in pets are food allergies and seasonal allergies. In this blog, we will help you understand the difference between the two so you can provide the best care for your dog or cat.

Understanding Allergies in Pets

When your pet’s immune system overreacts to a particular substance, this is what can trigger allergies in your pet. The body sends signals indicating that the substance is harmful, even when it may not be. This overreaction leads to a wide range of symptoms that can affect your pet’s skin, gastrointestinal system, or respiratory system. When you identify the root cause of these symptoms, you can provide your pet with the appropriate treatment.

 

What Are Food Allergies in Pets?

Food allergies occur when a pet’s immune system reacts poorly to an ingredient in their diet. The most common culprits are proteins, such as beef, chicken, lamb, fish, dairy, or eggs, though some pets may also react to grains or other ingredients.

 

Common Symptoms of Food Allergies

Food allergies in dogs and cats usually occur with the skin and digestive system. If you think your pet has a food allergy, you may notice the following:

1. Itchy skin: One of the main symptoms of food allergies in pets is itching, particularly around the face, ears, paws, and belly. If you notice your pet biting at their paws and they become red and inflamed, that is a good indication that something is wrong. Excessive scratching can lead to secondary infections, hair loss, and scabs.
2. Digestive issues: Chronic gastrointestinal problems, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating, may indicate a food allergy.
3. Ear infections: Recurring ear infections, especially in dogs, can indicate a food allergy. If your dog or cat is constantly shaking their head or scratching their ears, this could be a clue.
4. Red, inflamed skin: Pets with food allergies often develop red, inflamed patches of skin. This can sometimes be mistaken for flea bites or other skin issues.

 

How to Diagnose Food Allergies

The best way to diagnose a food allergy is through an elimination diet. This should only be done under the supervision of your veterinarian. This involves feeding your pet hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient foods to see if symptoms improve. Over time, specific ingredients can be slowly reintroduced to determine which one triggers the allergy. This process can take several weeks or months, but it is the most reliable way to identify food allergies in pets. Ensure this is done under the supervision of a vet only.

What Are Seasonal Allergies in Pets?

Seasonal allergies, also known as environmental allergies, occur when a pet’s immune system overreacts to environmental allergens like pollen, mold, dust mites, and grasses. These allergens are usually more prevalent during specific seasons, especially in the spring and fall, but pets can suffer from seasonal allergies year-round in some cases.

 

Common Symptoms of Seasonal Allergies

Unlike food allergies, which can present year-round, seasonal allergies can occur with environmental changes. The symptoms of seasonal allergies often look the same as food allergies but can be distinguished by certain factors:

1. Sneezing and watery eyes: Just like humans, pets can suffer from sneezing, nasal discharge, and watery eyes during allergy season. This is more common in dogs but can also affect cats.
2. Frequent licking or chewing of paws: Seasonal allergens like pollen can stick to your pet’s fur and paws. You might notice your dog or cat licking or chewing their paws more frequently during allergy season.
3. Itching and scratching: Pets with seasonal allergies often scratch their skin excessively. This itching happens in the areas most exposed to allergens, such as the paws, legs, face, and belly.
4. Ear infections: While recurring ear infections can also be a sign of food allergies, seasonal allergens can also contribute to ear inflammation and infection.

 

Diagnosing Seasonal Allergies

Diagnosing seasonal allergies typically involves ruling out other causes of your pet’s symptoms, such as food allergies or flea infestations. Your veterinarian may perform skin or blood tests to determine what environmental allergens affect your pet.

Once identified, treatment for seasonal allergies often includes antihistamines, steroids, or immunotherapy (allergy shots). Bathing your pet frequently during allergy season and wiping down their paws after being outside can also help reduce exposure to allergens.

 

How to Tell the Difference Between Food and Seasonal Allergies

While the symptoms of food allergies and seasonal allergies can overlap, there are a few main differences that can help you tell the difference between the two:

1. Timing: If your pet’s symptoms occur year-round, food allergies are more likely the cause. Seasonal allergies typically flare up during certain times of the year, particularly in the spring and fall when pollen levels are high.
2. Digestive issues: Pets with food allergies often have chronic digestive problems, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or gas. Seasonal allergies usually do not cause digestive issues.
3. Skin reactions: Both types of allergies can cause skin problems, but the location of the itching can provide a clue. Seasonal allergies are likely if your pet is mainly scratching their paws, belly, or face during allergy season. If the itching is persistent year-round, food allergies may be the culprit.
4. Response to treatments: Food allergies require dietary changes, while seasonal allergies often respond to medications such as antihistamines or steroids.

 

Bringing Relief: Managing Your Pet’s Allergies

Once you’ve determined whether your pet has food allergies or seasonal allergies, the next step is to manage its symptoms, as that is the key to improving its quality of life. For food allergies, transitioning your pet to a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet may provide relief. Medications and lifestyle adjustments for seasonal allergies, such as limiting outdoor exposure during peak allergy seasons, can help reduce symptoms.

If you suspect your dog or cat has allergies, consult with your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. By understanding the difference between food allergies and seasonal allergies, you can ensure your pet stays happy and healthy year-round!

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